MUMBAI/TOKYO (Reuters) -The dollar was steady against the euro and sterling on Friday, holding on to steep gains as investors awaited U.S. consumer spending data after better-than-expected growth numbers dampened expectations of further easing by the Federal Reserve this year.

The euro was hovering near a three-week low at $1.1667 while sterling was flat at $1.3351 after touching a near two-month trough on Thursday.

The yen traded at an eight-week low following a new raft of tariffs announced by U.S. President Donald Trump which included a 100% levy on branded drugs, 25% on heavy-duty trucks, and 50% on kitchen cabinets.

MUTED CURRENCY REACTION DUE TO EXEMPTION HOPES

Shares in Europe’s biggest pharma companies were steady after an early dip, with analysts pointing out that exemptions for firms that set up manufacturing facilities in the U.S. meant that regional giants such as Roche and Novo Nordisk are likely to see a muted impact. 

"It’s not surprising to see the muted reaction in currencies as markets have been through multiple rounds of this already and are inclined to see the announcements more as a negotiating position being set up by the White House," said Nick Rees, head of macro research at Monex Europe. 

Also, the bilateral trade deals that various countries have struck with the Trump administration have not been as disruptive as initially feared, and this has further assuaged markets’ sensitivity, he said. 

The dollar index, which measures the greenback against major currencies, was poised for its biggest weekly advance in two months after figures on U.S. economic growth, unemployment claims, durable goods and wholesale inventories all beat expectations on Thursday. 

FED RATE CUT BETS TRIMMED

Attention now turns to the release of U.S. consumer spending and PCE inflation data later on Friday for further signals on how urgently the economy needs additional rate cuts from the Fed.

Markets are now pricing in about a 14.5% chance of the Fed keeping rates unchanged next month, up slightly from 8.1% a day earlier, according to the CME FedWatch Tool. The cumulative policy easing priced in by the end of the year has also dipped below 40 basis points.

The Commerce Department reported on Thursday that U.S. gross domestic product rose by an upwardly revised rate of 3.8% from April through June, higher than the 3.3% initially reported. Economists polled by Reuters did not expect the rate to be revised.

Friday’s personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, the Fed’s preferred inflation measure, is expected to show a 0.3% month-on-month increase for August and a 2.7% year-on-year rise, according to a Reuters poll.

"We think more good news is needed to keep the dollar going, and we see substantial risks of a correction today after a USD rally that looks slightly overdone," Francesco Pesole, FX strategist at ING said in a note.

While the euro could rise above $1.17 in the near term, a rise in market sensitivity to geopolitical tension in Europe alongside continued strength in U.S. economic data presents a risk, the note said.

Elsewhere, data showed that core inflation in September for Tokyo stayed well above the Bank of Japan’s central 2% target, keeping alive expectations of a near-term interest rate hike.

Gold prices held largely steady in Asian trade on Thursday after sliding from record highs, as a stronger dollar and cautious Federal Reserve signals weighed on the metal’s appeal.

Spot gold was last up 0.2% at $3,713.42 an ounce by 03:01 ET (07:01 GMT), after retreating from Tuesday’s all-time peak of $3,790.82/oz. U.S. Gold Futures for December edged up 0.1% to $3,773.02.

The yellow metal settled 0.7% lower on Wednesday as the dollar rebounded overnight, making gold more expensive for buyers using other currencies.

Gold slips from near record levels ahead of key US data

Fed Chair Jerome Powell said on Tuesday there was “no risk-free path” for policy, warning of the risks of cutting too quickly or too slowly. 

San Francisco Fed President Mary Daly and other officials echoed the cautious tone, underscoring that easing would hinge on incoming data.

Investors are awaiting a string of U.S. economic reports this week, expected to provide clearer signals on whether the central bank will move ahead with further rate cuts this year.

Lower interest rates reduce the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding assets such as bullion, making gold more attractive to investors.

Weekly jobless claims due later on Thursday are expected to come in around 230,000. The government’s second estimate of second-quarter GDP will also be released on Thursday. 

The August core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index, due Friday, is expected to rise about 2.7% from a year earlier, remaining above the Fed’s 2% target.

Bullion has been constantly reaching fresh peaks, driven by expectations of monetary easing, geopolitical uncertainty and strong central bank purchases. 

Other metal markets subdued

Other precious and industrial metals also traded in narrow ranges on Thursday amid broader caution.

Silver Futures edged 0.2% higher to $44.29 per ounce, while Platinum Futures were largely steady at $1,484.35/oz.

Benchmark Copper Futures on the London Metal Exchange slipped 0.5% to $10,313.65 a ton, while U.S. Copper Futures gained 0.4% to $4.85 a pound.

Futures for the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq edged higher on Wednesday as investors assessed cautious commentary from U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell and looked ahead to key economic data later in the week.

While the recent numbers point to a resilient economy, comments from Fed officials have injected some wariness, especially about the labor market. Powell added to the measured tone on Tuesday, noting that asset prices appeared fairly highly valued.

He stopped short of aligning with either camp in the ongoing debate among Fed policymakers, with some pushing for more aggressive cuts to support the jobs market while others urge restraint to avoid reigniting inflation.

Instead, the Fed chair emphasized the delicate balancing act the central bank is faced with to navigate inflation risks while addressing signs of a softening labor market.

At 5.30 a.m. ET, Dow e-minis rose 22 points, or 0.05%, U.S. S&P 500 E-minis gained 11.5 points, or 0.2%, and Nasdaq 100 E-minis added 78.5 points, or 0.3%.

A widely expected 25-basis-point cut last week helped propel equities, but investors are hoping for more easing this year to keep the momentum going.

"The bias is so heavily skewed towards ultra dovishness that any shortcomings in commentary can cause a wobble in sentiment," Daniela Sabin Hathorn, senior market analyst at online trading firm Capital.com, said in a note.

There has also been concern about inflated stock valuations in some sectors. Only 17% of stocks in the benchmark S&P 500 outperformed the index in the last three months, according to data from Charles Schwab, underscoring the narrow breadth powering the rally.

Investors will closely watch the core personal consumption expenditures data, the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, due to be released later this week. A hotter-than-expected reading could strengthen the case for a more cautious pace of easing, while a softer print might reinforce bets on additional cuts.

Meanwhile, housing market data due on Wednesday could offer insight into consumer demand and builder sentiment, especially as elevated borrowing costs continue to weigh on affordability.

The sector has been pressured for much of the year and any signs of stabilization could influence broader sentiment.

Markets may also take cues from an upcoming speech by Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco President Mary Daly, who could shed light on how regional Fed officials are interpreting the latest data and policy signals.

In stocks, Lithium Americas’ U.S.-listed shares surged 67% after Reuters reported President Donald Trump’s administration was weighing taking an up to 10% equity stake in the company.

Memory chipmaker Micron Technology’s shares also rose 1.3% before the open after it forecast quarterly revenue above estimates.

Equities have become increasingly central to household wealth, making market performance a key pillar of consumer confidence.

Household exposure to stocks rose to a record 65.8% in the second quarter, higher than their share at the peak of the dotcom bubble, according to Schwab.

U.S. stock index futures traded in a subdued fashion Tuesday, consolidating after Wall Street clocked a three-day winning streak ahead of an eagerly-awaited speech by Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell. 

At 05:55 ET (09:55 GMT), Dow Jones Futures gained 85 points, or 0.2%, S&P 500 Futures rose 1 points, or 0.1%, and Nasdaq 100 Futures climbed 9 points, or 0.1%.

The three benchmark indices closed at all-time highs — marking three consecutive winning sessions for the S&P 500 — and recorded fresh intraday records on Monday. This followed the announcement of a $100 billion investment by chip giant Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA) in ChatGPT-maker and client OpenAI to help build out data centers.

Powell speech, PMI prints in spotlight 

Investors have turned more cautious ahead of a speech by Powell later in the session, with the Fed Chair likely to offer more insight into the central bank’s plans to cut interest rates.

The Fed cut rates by a largely telegraphed 25 basis points last week and flagged at least two more cuts this year, citing weakness in the labor market. But Powell warned that sticky inflation and resilience in jobs could raise questions over further easing. 

A number of Fed members warned on Monday that the central bank’s recent cut diminished the need for further easing, but recently-confirmed Fed Governor Stephen Miran on Monday called for aggressive reductions. 

Markets are now placing a roughly 90% chance of a quarter-point reduction in the Fed’s target rate from the current range of 4% to 4.25% at the central bank’s next meeting in October, according to CME’s closely-monitored FedWatch Tool. There is also about a 75% chance of another 25-basis point cut at the following gathering in December.

Aside from Fed speakers, attention will home in on flash U.S. business activity figures for September.

Economists have forecast that S&P Global’s composite purchasing managers index for the month will match August’s reading of 54.6. A level above 50 indicates expansion.

Manufacturing sector PMI is tipped to edge down to 52.2 from 53.0, while the gauge of the services industry -- which accounts for much of U.S. output -- is projected to inch lower to 54.0 from 54.5.

Micron set to report quarterly results 

In the corporate sector, Micron (NASDAQ:MU) is expected to reveal its latest quarterly results after the closing bell, and is set to offer more insight into the trajectory of the AI boom.

Recent commentary around the maker of advanced memory and storage chips has been widely bullish, driven by hopes that soaring demand conditions and tighter supplies will support solid earnings and sales.

In August, Micron lifted its fiscal fourth-quarter revenue and adjusted profit forecast, citing an anticipated surge in returns from its memory chips used in AI infrastructure.

Elsewhere, Kenvue (NYSE:KVUE) stock soared premarket, rebounding after a record low the day before, even as U.S. President Donald Trump linked its Tylenol drug to autism risk during pregnancy at a White House press conference.

Firefly Aerospace (NASDAQ:FLY) stock slumped on the back of its financial results, the first to come out since the rocket maker’s Nasdaq debut in early August. It posted a wider loss and lower-than-expected revenue in its second quarter.

Crude bounces 

Oil prices rose, bouncing from earlier losses after healthy activity data in Europe raised hopes of raised consumption in this important region.

At 05:55 ET, Brent futures gained 0.4% to $66.83 a barrel, and U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures rose 0.6% to $62.64 a barrel.

Eurozone business activity grew at its fastest pace in 16 months in September, as the HCOB Flash Eurozone Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index, compiled by S&P Global, edged up to 51.2 in September from 51.0 in August, marking the ninth consecutive month of growth.

That said, both benchmarks are currently suffering a five-session losing streak on concerns of global oversupply.

Iraq’s federal and Kurdish regional governments reached a deal with oil firms to resume crude exports via Turkey on Monday, Reuters reported, potentially allowing exports of about 230,000 barrels per day to resume, having been suspended since March 2023.

In its latest monthly report, the International Energy Agency said world oil supply will rise more rapidly this year and a surplus could expand in 2026 as OPEC+ members increase output and supply from outside the group grows.

Gold prices advanced in Asian trade on Monday, remaining close to last week’s record highs as the prospect of more U.S. interest rate cuts after the Federal Reserve’s recent move buoyed the outlook for bullion.

Markets remained biased towards bullion before several more key U.S. economic readings this week, including the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge.

But gold was kept off record highs by some resilience in the dollar, which recovered from its weakest levels in over 3-½ years. 

Spot gold rose 0.3% to $3,697.70 an ounce, while gold futures rose 0.7% to $3,733.10/oz by 01:33 ET (05:33 GMT). Spot prices hit a peak of $3,707.70/oz last week. 

Gold keeps record highs close amid rate cut cheer 

Gold’s recent record highs came as the Fed cut interest rates by 25 basis points last week in a widely telegraphed move.

The central bank cited increasing risks to the labor market as a motivator for the cut, and signaled that it will continue to lower rates in the coming months on more signs of labor weakness. 

But the Fed still maintained its stance on potential inflationary risks, especially from higher trade tariffs. Markets, however, remained confident that interest rates will fall by at least 50 bps more this year, CME Fedwatch showed.

Lower rates bode well for non-yielding assets such as gold, given that they lower the opportunity cost of investing in the sector. Broader metal prices also advanced after the Fed’s cut. 

Spot platinum rose 0.8% to $1,419.90/oz on Monday, while spot silver rose 1.3% to $43.6495/oz. 

Among industrial metals, benchmark copper futures on the London Metal Exchange rose 0.1% to $10,001.10 a ton, while COMEX copper futures rose 0.1% to $4.6315 a pound. 

US inflation, Fedspeak on tap this week 

Focus this week is on a slew of key U.S. economic signals, which are likely to factor into near-term expectations for interest rate cuts.

Several Fed officials are set to speak this week, most notably Fed Chair Jerome Powell on Tuesday.

PCE price index data– the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge– is due on Friday, and is expected to show inflation remaining sticky in August. Core PCE inflation is also expected to remain above the Fed’s 2% annual target. 

Other economic prints are also due this week, including preliminary purchasing managers index data for September, as well as a final reading on second-quarter gross domestic product growth. 

The Federal Reserve faces "no risk-free" choices as officials deliberate over the U.S. central bank’s future monetary policy decisions following an interest rate cut earlier this week, according to analysts at Morgan Stanley.

Along with helping maximize employment, the Fed is also tasked with pushing for price stability -- and the Morgan Stanley analysts led by Michael Gapen flagged that both the labor market and inflation are "moving in the wrong direction."

As a result, policymakers must try to use interest rates to strike a balance between supporting a softening jobs picture and corralling sticky inflationary pressures. In theory, cutting borrowing costs can encourage investment and hiring, albeit at the risk of driving up prices.

So far, the Fed has opted to prioritize employment, arguing that a recent tariff-driven uptick in inflation may prove to be temporary. The Fed slashed rates as expected on Wednesday, bringing down borrowing costs by a quarter point to a target range of 4% to 4.25%.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell described the reduction as a form of "risk management," signalling that weakening jobs data is playing heavily into officials’ thinking and have presented increased "downside risks to employment."

"The Fed seeks to mitigate downside risk to employment by taking its policy stance from restrictive to a more neutral setting," the Morgan Stanley analysts said, referring to a theoretical rate which neither boosts nor hinders growth.

They added that "more rate cuts are forthcoming." Crucially, the Fed’s announcement included fresh so-called "dot plot" policy projections which showed that officials are anticipating another half percentage point in rate cuts by the end of 2025.

Should these come to pass, it would leave borrowing costs at a range of 3.5% to 3.75% -- a decline from the level previously seen by the Fed when its last dot plot was released in June.

However, seven of the 19 estimates forecast fewer reductions this year, with one even calling for rates to have stayed at their prior band of 4.25% to 4.5% for the remainder of 2025. This means that debate could be fierce heading into the next Fed meetings in October and December.

Markets, for their part, are now placing a roughly 92% chance of a 25-basis point reduction in October, and about an 80% probability of a similarly-sized drawdown in December, according to CME’s FedWatch Tool.

Meanwhile, the Fed’s projections showed that most policymakers expect the economy to expand by 1.6% this year, above June’s forecast. The year-end jobless rate is seen at 4.5% and underlying inflation at 3.1%. Price gains are now not anticipated to slow to the Fed’s 2% target until 2028.

"In our baseline, prices rise and consumption slows into next year. It only reaccelerates beginning in the second quarter of 2026 after inflationary pressures begin to abate," the Morgan Stanley analysts said.

But they noted that if firms decide not to pass along much of their potential tariff-fueled input cost hikes on to customers, corporate margins may be compressed, presenting "downside risk to the labor market [...] through increased layoffs."

"Fed cuts could reduce this risk, but at the cost of higher inflation for longer, particularly if they amplify the effects of fiscal spending on demand," the analysts said, adding that policymakers are now stuck "between a rock and a hard place."

Advanced Micro Devices (NASDAQ:AMD) stock fell 5% Thursday morning after rivals Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA) and Intel (NASDAQ:INTC) announced a strategic collaboration to develop AI infrastructure and personal computing products together.

The partnership between AMD’s two major competitors sent ripples through the semiconductor sector, with Intel shares jumping 30% while AMD investors showed concern about potential market share challenges. The collaboration will focus on connecting Nvidia and Intel architectures using Nvidia’s NVLink technology, combining Nvidia’s AI expertise with Intel’s CPU technologies.

Under the agreement, Intel will build custom x86 CPUs for Nvidia’s AI infrastructure platforms. For the personal computing market, Intel will develop x86 system-on-chips that integrate Nvidia RTX GPU chiplets, creating products that directly compete with AMD’s offerings in both the data center and consumer segments.

Nvidia also announced a $5 billion investment in Intel common stock at $23.28 per share, further cementing the partnership between the two tech giants.

The collaboration poses a significant competitive challenge to AMD, which has been gaining ground in both the CPU and GPU markets. AMD has positioned itself as a strong competitor to both Intel in CPUs and Nvidia in GPUs, particularly in AI applications. This new alliance between its two main rivals could potentially squeeze AMD’s market position in both segments.

The partnership announcement comes at a time when competition in AI computing infrastructure has intensified, with AMD working to strengthen its own position in the rapidly growing AI chip market.

1. Futures subdued

U.S. stock futures hovered around the flatline on Wednesday, as investors prepared for the hotly-anticipated Federal Reserve interest rate decision.

By 03:30 ET (07:30 GMT), the Dow futures contract and S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 futures were mostly unchanged, while Nasdaq 100 futures inched up by 19 points, or 0.1%.

The main averages on Wall Street sank in the prior session, while the U.S. dollar slipped to fresh 52-week lows — signs of caution ahead of the Fed’s impending announcement.

In individual stocks, Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA) shares declined on a news report which suggested that demand for the semiconductor giant’s new AI chip in China has been weak. On the other hand, Oracle’s (NYSE:ORCL) stock rose after the software group was rumored to be part of an investment consortium which, under a framework deal between the U.S. and China, will keep the U.S. arm of short-form video app TikTok in operation.

2. Fed decision day

The Fed is widely expected to slash interest rates at the conclusion of its latest two-day policy gathering, although the size of the possible drawdown and commentary around the move remain a source of debate.

Markets are all but certain the central bank will cut borrowing costs by at least 25 basis points from the current target range of 4.25% to 4.5%, while there is also a slim chance of a deeper, half-percentage point reduction.

Underpinning these estimates have been signs of a weakening U.S. labor market, which are seen overshadowing simultaneous indications of sticky inflation. In theory, a rate cut can help spur investment and hiring, albeit at the risk of driving up prices.

How the rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee, and, more specifically, Chair Jerome Powell, view the trajectory of the job market and inflation will be in sharp focus. Policymakers now face pressures to both sides of its dual mandate: maximizing employment while maintaining price stability.

Along with the more qualitative statements from the FOMC and Powell, the Fed will release an updated look at its members’ rate projections for the months ahead — a closely-monitored chart known as the “dot plot.”

“Inflation remains above target and tariffs are likely to keep it elevated in the near term, but the balance of risks are tilted towards the need for more support for the economy,” analysts at ING said in a note.

3. U.K. inflation stable in August

U.K. inflation held steady in August, but was almost twice the Bank of England’s target level, suggesting the U.K. central bank will keep monetary policy unchanged at its own policy meeting on Thursday.

Annual consumer price inflation rose 3.8% in August, unchanged from the July release, but still considerably above the Bank of England’s 2.0% medium-term target.

The July 2025 figure was the highest recorded since January 2024, when the rate was 4.0%.

The monthly rate rose 0.3%, rising faster than the 0.1% monthly growth seen in the prior month.

Core CPI, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, rose 0.3% on a monthly basis and 3.6% annually, a slight drop from the 3.8% growth seen in July.

4. General Mills to report

On the earnings front, General Mills is due to report before the opening bell on Wall Street.

Investors will be keeping tabs on how the packaged foods firm quarterly sales and expectations for future demand.

Concerns have swirled around whether consumers are reining in expenditures during a time of broader tariff-fueled economic uncertainty. A gauge of consumer sentiment last week from the University of Michigan ticked lower, with sweeping U.S. levies cited as a key driver of households’ fears over the state of their pocketbooks.

General Mills is anticipated to report fiscal first-quarter adjusted earnings per share of $0.82 on net sales of $4.52 billion, according to Bloomberg consensus estimates. Shares of the owner of brands like Chex breakfast cereal and Nature Valley granola bars have fallen by 22% so far this year.

5. Gold ticks lower

Gold prices edged down from record highs ahead of the release of the Fed’s rate decision and policy outlook.

Spot gold was last down 0.6% at $3,667.61 an ounce by 03:30 ET, after hitting an all-time peak of $3,702.95 on Tuesday. U.S. gold futures for December slipped 0.6% to $3,704.20/oz.

Meanwhile, oil prices slipped marginally lower, handing back some of the previous session’s gains on heightened concerns over disruptions in Russian production. The benchmarks settled more than 1% higher on Tuesday, climbing to two-week highs, due partially to worries that Russian supplies may be hit following Ukrainian drone attacks on critical export ports and refineries.

1. Futures edge broadly higher

U.S. stock futures pointed mostly higher on Tuesday, as investors geared up for the release of U.S. retail sales data and awaited a much-anticipated Federal Reserve interest rate decision later in the week.

By 03:13 ET (07:13 GMT), the Dow futures contract was mostly unchanged, while S&P futures ticked up by 6 points, or 0.1%, and Nasdaq 100 futures added 40 points, or 0.2%.

The main averages on Wall Street closed in the green on Monday, fueled in large part by hopes for a Fed rate cut.

Markets are all but certain that the U.S. central bank will slash borrowing costs by at least 25 basis points at the end of its latest policy gathering on Wednesday, while there is also an outside chance of a deeper half-point drawdown from the current target range of 4.25% to 4.5%. The rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee will begin its two-day meeting today.

Stocks were buoyed as well by electric carmaker Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA), whose shares rallied by 3.6% on a regulatory filing showing that CEO Elon Musk had bought around $1 billion worth of the stock. Google-owner Alphabet (NASDAQ:GOOGL) also notched a fresh all-time peak that brought its market value above $3 trillion.

2. Retail sales ahead

Highlighting the economic calendar will be U.S. retail sales data for August, which is expected to show that growth in the figure slowed.

Economists estimate that, on a month-on-month basis, retail sales rose by 0.2% last month, compared to an uptick of 0.5% in July.

Concerns remain that indications of a softening U.S. labor market in recent months could weigh on spending activity, while a gauge of consumer sentiment from the University of Michigan for September weakened to its lowest point since May as households fretted over the risk of a tariff-driven spike in inflation that could eat into their purchasing power.

Along with "multiple vulnerabilities" in the economy, "consumers perceive risks to their pocketbooks as well," with current and expected personal finances both easing about 8% this month, said Joanne Hsu, the director of the Surveys of Consumers at the University of Michigan, in a statement.

3. Appeals court rejects Trump bid to oust Fed Governor Cook

President Trump cannot fire Fed Governor Lisa Cook, an appeals court ruled on Monday, allowing her to remain on the central bank’s board for the closely-watched policy meeting this week.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in a 2-1 ruling denied the Department of Justice’s request to put on hold an earlier decision blocking Trump from removing Cook.

U.S. District Judge Jia Cobb last week ruled that Trump’s allegations of mortgage fraud against Cook, which the Fed governor denied, did not provide sufficient cause for her firing. Trump is now expected to appeal the case in the Supreme Court.

Separately, Trump’s nomination to the Fed Board of Governors, economist Stephen Miran, was approved by the Senate in a narrow vote on Monday evening. The confirmation allows Miran to participate in the Fed’s meeting this week.

4. Oracle poised for key role in TikTok U.S. deal - CBS News

Oracle (NYSE:ORCL) is among a consortium of firms that could enable TikTok to continue operating in the U.S. if a framework deal between Washington and China is reached, CBS News reported on Monday.

The precise nature of the deal was unclear, but will involve multiple companies, CBS reported, citing sources with knowledge of the negotiations. The involvement of China’s ByteDance, which owns TikTok, was also not immediately known.

The report comes after U.S. officials said they had agreed to commercial terms of the deal with Beijing, following high-level talks in Madrid between the two countries.

Trump hinted earlier this week that a deal was on the way, posting on social media that an agreement was "reached on a ‘certain’ company that young people in our country very much want to save.”

5. Gold new record high

Gold touched a new all-time peak, nearing $3,700 per ounce, bolstered by a weaker U.S. dollar prior to the Fed decision.

By 03:34 ET, spot gold had jumped by 0.3% to $3,690.87 per ounce. U.S. gold futures for December moved up by 0.2% to $3,726.50/oz.

Bullion jumped 1% in the previous session, surpassing record levels notched last week.

Elsewhere, crude prices inched lower, pausing for breath after recent gains as markets assessed the upcoming Fed announcment and Ukrainian attacks on Russian oil facilities.

1. Fed decision in focus

The Fed will be in the spotlight this week, as markets are now all but certain that the central bank will slash interest rates at the end of its two-day gathering on Wednesday.

Underpinned by signs of a softening U.S. labor market, policymakers are widely anticipated to back the first rate cut since an easing cycle was paused in December. Bringing down rates can, in theory, help spur investment and hiring.

However, a reduction can risk pushing up inflationary pressures at the same time. Last week, a monthly U.S. consumer price index reading accelerated slightly thanks to an uptick in housing and food costs, a potential indication of sticky inflation.

Yet a separate measure showing a rise in weekly initial jobless claims likely kept a Fed rate cut on track. There is now a roughly 95% probability that borrowing costs are lowered by 25 basis points, as well as about a 5% chance of a deeper half-point drawdown, according to CME’s FedWatch Tool. The Fed’s target rate currently stands at a range of 4.25% to 4.5%.

"Inflation remains above target and tariffs are likely to keep it elevated in the near term, but the balance of risks are tilted towards the need for more support for the economy," analysts at ING said in a note.

2. Bank of Canada, Bank of England, Bank of Japan decisions ahead

Along with the Fed, interest rate decisions are due out from a slate of other central banks around the world.

The Bank of Canada is seen slashing rates by a quarter-point, in a bid to offer support to an economy that is especially exposed to U.S. President Donald Trump’s sweeping tariffs. The Canadian job market slowed for a second straight month in August, while the wider economy contracted sharply in the second quarter, although inflation has not strayed far from analysts’ expectations.

At the Bank of England, officials are anticipated to leave borrowing costs unchanged. The BoE, which will also have the chance to gauge jobs and inflation data prior to Thursday’s decision, previously slashed rates in August.

Analysts also project that the Bank of Japan will keep rates steady, although investors may be keeping an eye out for any hints around the policymakers’ plans for the fourth quarter against a backdrop of wider domestic political uncertainty.

3. U.S. retail sales

On the economic calendar, U.S. retail sales data for August is set to be released on Tuesday.

Economists are predicted that retail sales growth decelerated to 0.2% last month. In July, the figure came in at 0.5%, bolstered by solid demand for cars and promotional drives by e-commerce giant Amazon.com and big-box titan Walmart.

June’s sales numbers were revised higher as well, providing some hope that economic activity has been able to weather the wider labor market slowdown.

Still, the prospect of an easing jobs picture, coupled with indications of fading consumer confidence and heightened goods prices, are possible headwinds for sales heading into the final weeks of the third quarter.

4. FedEx to report

FedEx will be among the headliners on this week’s earnings agenda, with the U.S. shipping group viewed as a proxy for consumer spending.

Considered an economic bellwether because it has ties with just about every type of company around the world, FedEx’s numbers have often been closely monitored for indications of early business trends.

Trump’s aggressive trade policies have been in sharp focus in FedEx’s recent quarterly results, as the White House’s tariffs have contributed to wider economic uncertainty that has led many firms to rein in spending.

In June, FedEx offered a cautious outlook that was fueled by the levies. The company declined to unveil a full-year earnings or revenue outlook, with CEO Raj Subramaniam warning of a "volatile" global demand environment.

Memphis-based FedEx’s fiscal first-quarter forecast of adjusted profit per share of $3.40 to $4 fell short of analysts’ expectations as well.

5. U.S.-China talks

U.S. and China officials are set to meet again after reportedly made little progress in the first day of a fresh round discussions on Sunday.

Anticipation for the talks in Madrid has been subdued, particularly around a breakthrough on longstanding trade tensions between the world’s two largest economies.

Observers are instead expecting the negotiations to conclude with an extension to a deadline for short-form video app TikTok -- which is owned by China’s ByteDance -- to divest its U.S. operations. At the moment, if ByteDance does not sell the unit by September 17, TikTok faces a shutdown in the U.S.

Citing a source familiar with the matter, Reuters reported that President Donald Trump is likely to extend the deadline.

Bessent told reporters that both sides would "start again in the morning" after they met for just six hours on Sunday. Meanwhile, China’s embassy in Madrid informed reporters that a concluding news conference could take place on Monday, suggesting that the talks could wrap up soon. Bessent is set to head to London on Tuesday, prior to Trump’s state visit with King Charles later in the week.

Elsewhere, before the start of the negotiations in Spain, China’s Ministry of Commerce opened an anti-discrimination probe into U.S. policy over the trade of chips and a separate investigation into suspected dumping of U.S. analog chips.